A Sociological and Psychological Assessment of Crime and...

A Sociological and Psychological Assessment of Crime and Deviance The sociology of deviance is the sociological study of deviant behavior, or the recognized violation of cultural norms. Cultural Norms are societys propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard, ritualistic practices. Essentially the norm is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people. There are various Sociological deviance theories, including Structuralist: why do some people break the rules? , Marxists: who makes the rules, and who benefits from their enforcement?, and Interactionist: How did this person become processed (labeled) as a deviant? Sociology asserts that deviance is problematic,†¦show more content†¦They are intrinsically social because they involve judgment. Decisions are made as to what constitutes deviance and what behaviors are to be considered illegal. The labeling of certain acts as deviant calls our attention to the fact that it is the reaction to the act that places it in the category ‘deviant’ not the act itself. Being able to separate biological and environmental factors is nearly impossible since they impact on each other from the day we are born. Isolating one variable and finding an association with criminality is a correlation but this should not be confused with a ‘cause’. There is a danger of reducing complex processes to simple one-cause explanations. There are some very dubious ethical implications from this area of research. The logical conclusions are to alter peoples biology by pre or post natal interference. It is also quite obvious that there are types of behaviors that will be damaging to any society and need to be controlled. Some of these behaviors seem to have a biological or psychological origin, rather than an environmental cause. The most obvious of the biological/psychological distinctions is that of the different levels/types of deviant involvement engaged in as a consequence of sex. Males seem to be far more predisposed to act in ways that all societies want to reduce because of their social harm. Some of the earlier biological theories are clearly flawed and have been used to demonstrat e the weakness of suchShow MoreRelatedCrime and Deviance3081 Words   |  13 PagesCrime and Deviance from a Sociological and Psychological assessment: The sociology of deviance is the sociological study of deviant behavior, or the recognized violation of cultural norms. Cultural Norms are societys propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard, ritualistic practices. Essentially the norm is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people. There are various Sociological deviance theories, including Structuralist: whyRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective On Medical Conditions1687 Words   |  7 Pagesbody and pathogens to explain poor health. On a different note, the sociological perspective takes on a different approach to explain medical conditions. The sociological perspective focuses on the external influences, rather than then internal influences, such as the social environment, institutions, and relationships to assess and explain illness. The sociological perspective contains the following theories to support its assessment of illness and they are: stigma, labeling theory, and medicalizationRead MoreInfluential and Sociological Aspects of Gangs: What Makes Individuals Want to Join Gangs?3113 Words   |  13 PagesInfluential and Sociological Aspects of Gangs: What Makes Individuals Want to Join Gangs? Magdaline Mouratides Sociology 100 Instructor Francisco Limá ½ ¹n November 29, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this research is to identify the sociological aspects and means in which individuals may use in order to affiliate themselves within a gang and their practices. The following research uses statistics and information given by police departments and the Department of Justice. I have searched for reasoningRead MoreCRJ 110 Final Exam3676 Words   |  15 Pagespolitical, sociological, and psychological. 2. What is the definition of crime that the authors of your textbook have chosen to use? A) Crime is human conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction that has the power to make such laws. 3. What is the difference between crime and deviance? A) Crime violates a law and deviance violates social norms. 4. What is the legalistic approach to the study of crime? A) The legalistic approach to crime yieldsRead MoreLabeling Theory3304 Words   |  14 PagesLABELING THEORY Sociologyindex, Sociology Books 2008 Labeling theory arose from the study of deviance in the late 1950s and early 1960s and was a rejection of consensus theory or structural functionalism. Tannenbaum was among the early labeling theorists. His main concept was the dramatization of evil. He argued that the process of tagging, defining, identifying, segregating, describing, and emphasizing any individual out for special treatment becomes a way of stimulating, suggesting, andRead MoreCriminal Justice System And The Law System1421 Words   |  6 Pagesand Y. J. Huo over tested minorities, because they recognized that the justice system possesses less legality in communities of color. Tyler and Huo were therefore reasonably interested in learning whether race applies an independent effect on assessments of genuine encounters with justice officials. Their evaluation suggests that such an impartial effect does not exist; the critical issue remains evaluations of justice and honesty. The agreed findings, the authors declare, is cause forRead MoreExplain Juvenile Delinquency in Terms of Hirschi†S Social Bonding Theory, with Special Reference to the Case Study6009 Words   |  25 Pagespeople to commit crime, they ask why most people not commit crime.   Control theorists generally argue that there is no problem explaining why people commit crime since all human beings suffer from innate human weaknesses which make them unable to resist temptation.   They focus on restraining or controlling factors that are broken or missing inside the personalities of criminals.   If these restraining factors are thought to involve society in some way, as with the sociological notion that normsRead MoreControl Theory15246 Words   |  61 Pagespopular. His frameworks are bold—critics would say pretentious (Geis, 2000)—because they claim to be â€Å"general theories† that explain crime across types of crime and types of people. Hirschi also has shown little interest in race,class,and gender inequalities that others—especially those from more critical perspectives—see as fundamental to any explanation of crime (see, e.g., Miller Burack, 1993). Regardless of their merits, these critiques have done little to dim Hirschi’s influence; if anythingRead MoreTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 PagesNeo-Marxist Critical theory: The Frankfurt School.................................................. 34 Structural Marxism ..................................................................................................... 35 Post-Modern Views on Crime in Neo-Marxist Criminology ..................................... 40 CHAPTER 4 ..................................................................................................................... 42 FOUCAULTS SYSTEM OF POWER AND DISCIPLINE .....Read MoreBULLYING AS DEVIANT BEHAVIOR Essay2162 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿BULLYING AS DEVIANT BEHAVIOR Deviance acts as a violation of social norms characterized as any thought, feeling or action that members of a social group judge to be a violation of their values or rules.1 Social norms are viewed as the actions or behaviors and cues within a society or group. This sociological term has been defined as the rules that a group uses for appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors.†2 It indicates the established and approved ways of doing

How Women Rank in Traditional Female Jobs

​Stereotypes hold true when it comes to the jobs that most women work. Asked to name the traditional careers typically pursued by women, most of us could easily come up with the jobs that employ the most women. Secretaries, nurses, and teachers top the list. Together, these three occupations provide jobs for around 12 percent of all working women. Women in the Workforce Working women are a sizable chunk of the population. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, 70 million women age 16 and over were employed in 2016 in both full- and part-time jobs. Thats nearly 60 percent of the female population. In management, women are making great strides, accounting for nearly 40 percent of managers in the labor force. And yet, in 2014 it was reported that 4.8 percent of all women made an hourly rate at or below the federal minimum wage. Thats almost 1.9 million women. According to the 2015 Women in the Labor Force: A Databook, 5.3 percent of women who are employed work more than one job and 5.3 percent were self-employed. Compare this to 4.5 percent of men with multiple jobs and 7.4 percent who are self-employed. Traditional Occupations of Working Women Looking at the  top ten occupations that employ the most women, together they provide jobs for around 28% of the female workforce.   The following table shows what those occupations are according to a 2008 report and with the updated 2016 statistics for comparison. One thing you might find surprising is the wage gap found in these traditionally female jobs. The average weekly salary earned by women continues to fall behind that of their male colleagues. Occupation 2016 Total Women Employed 2016 % Women Workers 2008 % Women Workers 2016 Average Weekly Salary Secretaries Administrative Assistants 2,595,000 94.6% 96.1% $708(men earn $831) Registered Nurses 2,791,000 90.0% 91.7% $1,143(men earn $1261) Teachers - Elementary Middle School 2,231,000 78.5% 81.2% $981(men earn $1126) Cashiers 2,386,000 73.2% 75.5% $403(men earn $475) Retail Salespersons 1,603,000 48.4% 52.2% $514(men earn $730) Nursing, Psychatric, Home Health Aides 1,813,000 88.1% 88.7% $498(men earn $534) First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 1,447,000 44.1% 43.4% $630(men earn $857) Wait Staff ( waitresses) 1,459,000 70.0% 73.2% $441(men earn $504) Receptionists Information Clerks 1,199,000 90.1% 93.6% $581(men earn$600) Bookkeeping, Accounting Auditing Clerks 1,006,000 88.5% 91.4% $716(men earn $790) What Does the Future Hold? The change in the demographics of Americas labor force is changing slowly, but according to the U.S. Department of Labor, its significant. It is projected that we will see a slowdown in growth and at the same time women will continue to make gains.   In the 2002 report A Century of Change: The U.S. Labor Force, 1950-2050,  the Department of Labor notes that women have increased their numbers at an extremely rapid pace in the past 50 years. It anticipates that growth to slow down from the 2.6 percent seen from 1950 to 2000 to 0.7 percent from 2000 to 2050. While that report projects women making up 48 percent of the workforce in 2050, in 2016 were sitting at 46.9 percent. If women continue to progress at even the projected 0.7 percent rate, we will have topped that 48 percent by 2020, 30 years earlier than projected just 16 years prior. The future for working women looks bright and the prospects reach far beyond the traditional jobs for women. Source Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. 2016. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex. 2016.  Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.20 Leading Occupations of Employed Women: 2008 Annual Averages. 2009. Womens Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor.

Feminism, The Yellow Wallpaper, And Jackson s The Lottery

Feminism, the belief that women and men should both have equal rights, was a movement that many men did not believe in before the 1960s and 1970s. The feminist movement started after the 1970s. Women such as Adrienne Rich (poet), Charlotte Perkins Gilman (feminist) and Shirley Jackson (writer), are women that used their works of literature to show their views on the ways men controlled their wives physically and mentally. Rich wrote Living In Sin, Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper, and Jackson wrote The Lottery. Although each work of literature is written by a different author, they each have the same common theme, feminism. These writers displayed this common theme throughout the use of literary devices, characterization, setting, and plot structure. This critical paper will specify the many examples they used while comparing and contrasting the settings, characters importance, and the point of view that the author used. Adrienne Rich, also known as Adrienne Cecile Rich, was born on May 16, 1929. Rich’s father influenced her to start writing, which he hoped (Adrienne Rich). If not for her father introducing her to literature and inspiring her to write, she would not have many of the accomplishments she has, or created other major writings that people have come to love. Rich received many awards; such as, the National Poetry Association award in 1989, Robert Frost Silver Medal for Lifetime Achievement Poetry in 1992, Lenore Marshall National Poetry Prize, and Los AngelesShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson And The Yellow Wallpaper1302 Words   |  6 Pages Reading The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman make the reader so passionate to know what is going to happen next because they are two of the most expressive and meaningful stories that have lots of great deep meanings. These stories share so many similarities when it comes to symbols, themes, and conflicts. Although The Lottery and The Yellow Wallpaper do not have the same plot, their themes have some similarities like following unfair traditions

Observation and Floor Plan free essay sample

There are lots of different ways you can observe a child and each will have a different purpose and give you a different outcome, below I have listed a few different types of observations you can use. Narrative Observation, Narrative observation is a detailed account of everything that you see a child doing, it helps if you have a clear focus for your observation so that you can choose an appropriate activity to observe. It can give lots of information in all areas but can also be difficult to record everything you see and if other distractions arise important events can be missed. This sort of observation can be done at any time and no preparation is needed, you should observe for a short time, about10 – 15 minutes. It can be hard to observe so closely and write down everything that you see for much longer. The Pros are, collection of detailed, descriptive narrative data concerning literacy development, used plain instruction, can be used throughout the year. We will write a custom essay sample on Observation and Floor Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Cons you may not be able to do them in the setting as the planning may not be right for this type of observation, you need to have a great deal of expertise and objectivity. Tracking Observation A tracking grid observation (also known as mapping ) is where the observer maps wherever the child goes within a given period on a floor plan of the room. The time the child spends at each area/activity should also be recorded on the floor plan, the observer plots the child’s direction onto the floor plan using a dashed line. Tracking grids are used to observe attention span and it also records the activities that children play at most frequently. It is always useful to have a floor plan already made up so you are ready anytime to do one. Time sampling observation The child is observed at specific intervals e. g. every 15 minutes throughout the session or for how long is required. More information may be gained as you are observing over a longer period of time but things may also be missed in-between time slots. The Pros for this are systematic and efficient, adaptable for use in various settings for various subjects; large numbers of observations can be collected. The Cons recording of frequencies takes behaviour out of context, no indication of quality of events and they can be easy to overestimate frequencies of behaviour and to inaccurately record durations. Event sampling observation Is a good way to observe the child in the different activity’s to build up a pattern of a child’s behaviour over a period of days or weeks, for example to discover what provokes tantrums, or how a child reacts to leaving their carer at the start of each day. You may have to ask other adults to help observe as things could be misses. The Pros for this are behaviours are examined in context of antecedents and consequences, relevant features surrounding an event are explored and understood uses event sampling. The cons are time intensive, Requires expertise and highly refined observation skills and objectivity can be compromised. Sociogram This gives information on who children like to play with although is not always accurate as some children may just say the name of the child across the room or who they just played with. It gives a quick overview of the social structure of the group.